Puccinia graminis tritici pdf

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Introduction main crop is in meher. Though the seasons differ, the crop growth stage overlaps in most cases. This creates favorable Wheat is grown in different parts of Ethiopia and it is one condition for the carryover of stem rust urediospores from of the most cultivated cereal crops in the country [1, 2].

It one season to another and leads to the development of is third in the area coverage and total production after tef epidemics in wheat growing areas [5]. Hararghe Highlands and maize and in productivity after maize and sorghum [3]. But, the average Saharan Africa [1] with 1,, hectares [3]. In the A2, Pavon76, and local cultivars [7]. April and the amount ranges between and mm per The same is true for Hararghe areas.

The causal agents for the annum [3]. In Hararghe Highlands rusts occur annually until used for variability study. Collected stem rust samples depending on weather conditions. At higher altitude areas were bulked together depending on their area of collection m. They were inoculated m. Epidemics of stem rust of wheat often occur in different parts of the world.

Resistant cultivars are continuously being 2. Growing Test Plant in the Greenhouse. Five to six seeds developed to prevent such epidemics, although these become of the susceptible wheat cultivar Morocco were planted into susceptible to new pathogenic races sooner or later.

A number 7 cm diameter plastic pots containing soil, sand, and compost of physiologic races are known to occur in P. The seedlings were allowed to tritici [9]. An epidemic of stem rust of wheat occurred in , grow until the first leaves fully emerged.

During inoculation, in Ethiopia, due to the loss of resistance in cultivar Lakech, leaves were firstly rubbed gently between moistened fingers which was grown on large area. Similarly, the cultivar Enkoy to remove the waxy layer from the surface which hinders went out of production in the country after the epidemics in the penetration of the germ tube of the pathogen spores.

Currently cultivar Kubsa has become highly susceptible Bulk spores from each sample were suspended in distilled to stem rust. Thus monitoring of the races and their virulence water with a drop of Tween 20 and then sprayed until runoff is important part of rust management strategy to avoid crop using an atomizer. Hands and all materials used during losses [10—12]. Although each inoculation. Then, they were transferred to a severity, and race composition of wheat stem rust disease.

Seedlings Therefore, this study was conducted with the following were kept for days for development of symptoms. Sam- objective: ples with viable spores were selected to multiply inoculums i To detect Puccinia graminis f. Materials and Methods 2. Generation and Multiplication of Monopustule Isolates. The samples selected for development of monopustule iso- 2. Description of the Study Area. The research field sur- lates were again inoculated onto Morocco for generation vey was conducted in East and West Hararghe zones of of monopustule spores.

After inoculation, individual leaves major wheat producing districts and the variability study with monopustule infection were identified prior to sporu- was conducted in Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center. In case where the pustules were Hararghe is found in the eastern parts of Oromia Regional aggregated and no isolated pustule occurred, inoculation was State, Ethiopia, and it is known by various agroecological repeated on the susceptible cultivar until separate pustules zones.

East Hararghe zones are characterized by different developed and monopustule isolates were generated. The agroclimatic zones consisting of dega 7. The average annual minimum and maximum 2. Determination of Pathogen Population in Wheat Stem rainfall is and mm, respectively. The minimum and Rust. The to detect race composition. Each set of differential lines was m. The average mean minimum and inoculated separately with each monopustule isolate of the maximum annual rainfall is — mm with temperature pathogen, following the standard procedures [14].

Seedlings between Then, after incubation, 2. The Pathogen Samples Collection.